This would suggest that it is the electrical stimulation that explains the decrease in tinnitus symptoms for many patients, and not only the increased access to sound. Why Experts are Skeptical of Elon Musk's Brain Implants, Alzheimers Disease: Swelling May Be Root Cause, New Drug May Slow Progression, damage to the nervous system due to an injury or another medical condition, limp muscles that lack firmness (flaccid quadriparesis), unusual stiffness or tightness of the muscles (spastic quadriplegia), paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system, blood tests to look for vitamin deficiencies, diabetes, and electrolyte imbalances. A person with quadriparesis will have difficulty controlling the muscles in the affected body parts. (15), Exposure to Toxins in Food Toxins contained in foods we tend to think of as healthy, such as seafood, can also lead to neuropathy, he adds. Toxic neuropathies are primarily characterized as length dependent, symmetric, sensory polyneuropathies with possible motor or autonomic involvement.1. Learn about sarcopenia, including symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Aggarwal HK, et al. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Organophosphates and cisplatin may take many weeks post administration to develop symptoms.2,6, In CIPN, most symptoms plateau and show gradual improvement, especially after discontinuation, such as with paclitaxel. The success of such therapy can depend on how much nerve damage there is and the age of the patient. "[53] Though advancements in cochlear implant technology have helped patients in their understanding of language, users are still unable to understand suprasegmental portions of language, which includes pitch. The FPN is an amazing resource for food and nutrition advice. In this form of polyneuropathy, the first nerve fibers to malfunction are those most distant from the central nervous system, with symptoms such as pain and numbness felt symmetrically in the feet, and then traveling up the legs as the condition progresses. Copyright 2010 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. For more on how to build an anti-inflammatory diet, check out our article. Heres what to know if a doctor prescribes the treatment to you or a loved one battling cancer. Limited range of motion; limping; slow and short steps; unable to bear full weight, Pain worsening with movement and weight bearing, Arms and legs abducted; careful; en bloc turns; like walking on ice; slow; wide-based, Associated with anxiety, fear of falling, or open spaces, Deconditioning; post-fall syndrome; visual impairment, Dysarthria; dysdiadochokinesia; dysmetria; impaired check; intention tremor; nystagmus; postural instability; rebound; Romberg sign present; titubation, Cerebellar degeneration; drug or alcohol intoxication; multiple sclerosis; stroke; thiamine deficiency and vitamin B, Dance-like; irregular; slow; spontaneous knee flexion and leg rising; wide-based, Choreoathetotic movements of upper extremities, Huntington disease; levodopa-induced dyskinesia, Abnormal posture of foot or leg; distorted gait; foot dragging; hyperflexion of hips, Worse with the action of walking; may improve when walking backward, Magnetic; start and turn hesitation; freezing; marche petits pas, Dementia; frontal lobe signs; incontinence, Frontal lobe degeneration; multi-infarct state; normal-pressure hydrocephalus, Extension and circumduction of weak and spastic limb; flexed arm, Extensor plantar response; face, arm, and leg weakness; hyperreflexia, Adduction; extension; scissoring of both legs; stiffness, Bilateral leg weakness; extensor plantar response; hyperreflexia; spasticity, Spinal cord or bilateral cerebral lesions, Short-stepped; shuffling; hips, knees, and spine flexed; festination; en bloc turns, Bradykinesia; muscular rigidity; postural instability; reduced arm swing; rest tremor, Parkinson disease; atypical or secondary forms of parkinsonism, Astasia-abasia; bizarre and nonphysiologic gait; lurching; rare fall or injury, Absence of objective neurologic signs; give-way weakness, Factitious, somatoform disorders or malingering, Unsteady; worse without visual input, particularly at night, Distal sensory loss; impaired position and vibratory sensation; Romberg sign present, Dorsal column dysfunction; neuronopathy; sensory neuropathy, Resulting from footdrop; excessive flexion of hips and knees when walking; short strides; slapping quality; tripping, Atrophy of distal leg muscles; distal sensory loss and weakness footdrop; loss of ankle jerk, Unsteady; falling to one side; postural instability, Nausea; normal sensation, reflexes, and strength; nystagmus; vertigo, Lumbar lordosis; swaying; symmetric; toe walk; wide-based, Hip dislocation; proximal muscle weakness of lower extremities; use arms to get up from chair. 2021 Jul 16;14:2139-2164. Building 3 Hours. ", "FDA approves Oticon Medical's Neuro cochlear implant system", "The Cochlear Implant Controversy, Issues And Debates", "Models of deafness: cochlear implants in the Australian daily press", "UCI Research with Cochlear Implants No Longer Falling on Deaf Ears", "Deaf children need language, not (Just) speech", "Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed', "Bilingual-Bicultural Education of Deaf/Hard-of- Hearing Children", "Early Sign Language Exposure and Cochlear Implantation Benefits", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cochlear_implant&oldid=1125853097, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2014, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2010, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, one or more microphones that pick up sound from the environment, a transmitter that sends power and the processed sound signals across the skin to the internal device by, a receiver/stimulator, which receives signals from the speech processor and converts them into electric impulses, an electrode array embedded in the cochlea, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 06:12. DOI: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Quadriparesis is different from quadriplegia. Initially discovered in 1951, administration of oral alpha lipoic acid at 600 mg per day for 40 days has demonstrated decreases in patients subjective peripheral neuropathy symptoms including reductions in work disability, social life, and family life scoring for diabetic neuropathy.35, 36 Utilizing compounding pharmacies for topical agents such as ketamine, as well as anti-epileptics and TCAs that are not tolerated orally due to side effects, have been found to be successful in some persons.37, Researchers continue to identify new biomarkers of CIPN and related proteins to better understand the pathogenesis and inform strategies for future CIPN treatment.38 One recent protein of interest in CIPN includes the neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1 protein). It's a one-stop shop for everything on neuropathy. It can cause blindness if not treated early. This free tool can help guide you. The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) describes them as the central nervous system the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, which transmits messages between the central nervous system and the rest of your body. All Rights Reserved. Musk says the implants may help restore sight or assist people who are paralyzed. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation publishes original, peer-reviewed research and clinical reports on important trends and developments in physical medicine and rehabilitation and related fields.This international journal brings researchers and clinicians authoritative information on the therapeutic utilization of physical, behavioral and The Timed Up and Go test is a fast and reliable diagnostic tool. This resource also guides you in grocery shopping for healthy foods and using supplements for neuropathy. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. [73], As of October2010,[update] approximately 188,000 individuals had been fitted with cochlear implants. In quadriplegia, a person has completely lost the ability to move their limbs. Brown rice can have high arsenic levels, and that can cause neuropathy too, Latov says. Quadriparesis caused by a slipped disk may be reversed after surgery. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced level of function. He believes that ophthalmic education offered through research has a greater impact among knowledge seekers. (10) A deficiency of B12 causes damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerves, explains the FPN. It frequently involves burning or tingling sensations, but it can also have shooting, stabbing, electric-shock-like, or numbing qualities. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [100][101], Complications of cochlear implant surgery, totally implantable cochlear implant (TICI), Language deprivation Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children, "Systematic Review of Auditory Training in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients", "Efficacy of individual computer-based auditory training for people with hearing loss: a systematic review of the evidence", "The multi-channel cochlear implant: multi-disciplinary development of electrical stimulation of the cochlea and the resulting clinical benefit", "Factors affecting auditory performance of postlinguistically deaf adults using cochlear implants: an update with 2251 patients", "Three challenges for future research on cochlear implants", "Cochlear implants and electronic hearing", "Dr. William F. House, Inventor of Pioneering Ear-Implant Device, Dies at 89", "The early history of the cochlear implant: a retrospective", "2013 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award: Modern cochlear implant", "On the Horizon: Cochlear Implant Technology", National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, "Cochlear implantation: a biomechanical prosthesis for hearing loss", "Induction Neckloops - Bluetooth Neckloop", "AudioStream - Connect Your MED-EL Cochlear Implant", "Safety and Effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation of Young Children, Including Those With Complicating Conditions", "Hearing aids vs cohclear implants: What's the difference? (5), Cancer Specifically, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy afflicts 10 percent of Americans with neuropathy. Mo M, Erdelyi I, Szigeti-Buck K, Benbow JH, Ehrlich BE. Its mostly associated with a condition called giant cell arteritis (GCA) or temporal arteritis.4. [45][46] While the degree of improvement after cochlear plantation may vary, the majority of patients who receive cochlear implants demonstrate a significant improvement in speech recognition ability compared to their preoperative condition. [15], NASA engineer Adam Kissiah started working in the mid-1970s on what would become the modern cochlear implant. [68][69], The effects of aging on central auditory processing abilities are thought to play an important role in impacting an individual's speech perception with a cochlear implant. Valentine WM. This may help evaluate vibratory and thermal impairments and define current perception threshold. (19), Polyneuropathy Most often, multiple nerves are affected, and when this happens, doctors refer to the nerve damage as polyneuropathy. A systematic literature review published in 2016 found that studies comparing the two approaches were generally small, not randomized, and retrospective so were not useful for making generalizations; it is not known which approach is safer or more effective. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database web site. Ambulatordependent for physical assistance, level II. Controlling blood sugar starts with good nutrition. There are more than 200 chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans.2 Many of these chemicals are organic solvents commonly used in occupational and recreational settings and unfortunately the immediate source of drug toxicity may not always be evident. Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) GBS is an acute neuropathy in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. (2006). [34] To avoid the risk of bacterial meningitis, the CDC recommends that adults and children undergoing CI receive age-appropriate vaccines that generate antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Contact information. Moyle GJ, Sadler M. Peripheral neuropathy with nucleoside antiretrovirals: risk factors, incidence and management. This disease is named after the 3 doctors who first described the disease in 1886. Kim Dan Do Barker, MD, Christopher J Vacek, MD, MS. [76], Cochlear implantation includes the medical device as well as related services and procedures including pre-operative testing, the surgery, and aftercare that includes audiology and speech language pathology services. Paralysis is a loss of muscle function in part of your body. Delforge M, Blade J, Dimopoulos MA, et al. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Some studies have shown nerve regeneration and an improvement in nerve pain after acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation. Critics of cochlear implants from Deaf cultures also assert that the cochlear implant and the subsequent therapy often become the focus of the child's identity at the expense of language acquisition and ease of communication in sign language and Deaf identity. Remember that if youve lost any sensation, you may not know when you are overdoing it with exercise. In turn, the peripheral nervous system is divided into a voluntary or somatic nervous system controlling all of the functions we are aware of and can consciously control, such as moving limbs, and an involuntary or autonomic nervous system regulating processes we cant consciously direct, such as heartbeat, breathing, and digestion. Sign up to receive the NAFs newsletters and advocacy alerts, make a contribution to the organization, or find tools to educate others about this condition. DOI: McDonald JW, et al. The CMA argued that Microsoft could also encourage players to play Activision games on Xbox devices, even if they were available on both platforms, through perks and other giveaways, like early access to multiplayer betas or unique bundles of in-game items. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. People who have it often need help from a doctor and prescription treatments. A neuropathic ankle fracture is [at a] much higher risk for complications, and so it should be treated differently. The definition of neuropathy is damage to the peripheral nerves, and signs may include a prickling, burning, or numb sensation. Genome-Wide Association Studies for Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in ECOG-5103 and ECOG-1199. 24/7 Sun. However, it is important to get a suitable device and use it correctly. Also, significantly fewer Black and Hispanic individuals reported having received a painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosis. Richardson PG, Xie W, Mitsaides C, et al. Ambulatordependent for physical assistance, level I. The tests can help identify a nerve or muscle condition such as carpal tunnel syndrome, a pinched spinal nerve, peripheral neuropathy, myositis, or ALS. The Timed Up and Go test is a sensitive (87 percent) and specific (87 percent) measure for identifying older persons who are prone to falls.39 It correlates well with other more-detailed scales,40,41 but is quicker and easier to perform.42 Persons who have difficulty or demonstrate unsteadiness performing the Timed Up and Go test require further assessment, usually with a physical therapist, to help elucidate gait impairments and related functional limitations. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Best Practices and Guidelines for the Interventional Management of Cancer-Associated Pain. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. An acute evolving flaccid quadriparesis in an elderly woman. Physical therapy can help in some cases of motor neuropathies involving muscle weakness or wasting, says R. Glenn Smith, MD, a neurologist at Houston Methodist in Houston. J Palliat Care 35:53-58, 2020. Rosemont, IL 60018, PM&R KnowledgeNow. Peripheral Neuropathy Risk Factors + Facts. If a patient knows they have neuropathy, that should be brought up before surgery, says Highlander. [95] Cochlear implants have been one of the technological and social factors implicated in the decline of sign languages in the developed world. It is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in foods, such as spinach, broccoli, yams, potatoes, Brussels sprouts, yeast, and organ meats such as kidney and liver. (2013). Most changes in gait are related to underlying medical conditions and should not be considered an inevitable consequence of aging. Positive or negative sensory findings including numbness, tingling, neuropathic pain, and stocking glove pattern sensory loss. (12), TakingGlucophage (metformin), which people with type 2 diabetes commonly use to control their blood sugar, may increase your risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, per the ODS. (2002). Janina Carter, AuD, received her bachelor of science degree in chemistry from Xavier University of Louisiana, master of science degree in forensic science from University of Central Oklahoma, and doctor of audiology degree from A.T. Detecting and treating the underlying condition that caused your nerve damage is key to prevent further harm. The discovery that taxanes increase the binding of NCS1 has led researchers to turn towards Lithium therapy as NCS1 levels have been found to be elevated in patients with bipolar disorder. What Are Nervous System (Neurological) Diseases? Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. There's some preliminary evidence that a few of them -- like acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, and gamma linolenic acid -- might help with nerve pain caused by diabetes. Skin BiopsiesA small incision is made to remove a sample of skin for examination. Previously studied agents such as vitamin E, calcium or magnesium infusions, melatonin, carbamazepine, erythropoietin, amifostine, and acetyl-L-carnitine have been studied as possible preventative interventions of CIPN. A 2019 study found that although tinnitus suppression in patients with CIs is multifactorial, simply having the CI switched on without any audiological input (while standing alone in a soundproof booth) reduced the symptoms of tinnitus. Experiencing a pins-and-needles sensation is generally no cause for concern. Our global writing staff includes experienced ENL & ESL academic writers in a variety of disciplines. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Peripheral sensory and motor neuropathy of the feet; Foot, ankle, and leg edema; Below the knee lower extremity cellulitis; Eur J Oncol Nurs. The normal requirement is less than 2 milligrams a day, yet many B6 supplements are 100 milligrams or more. This specialist will perform a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT scan of the brain to check for tumors (abnormal growth/swelling). In the case of drug-induced optic neuropathy, Death (in case of a serious underlying condition), Optic neuropathy (ON) refers to optic nerve damage due to trauma, changes in blood flow, or underlying conditions, ON may occur with or without inflammation of the arteries (arteritis) with symptoms, Symptoms include vision loss (most common), eye pain, color vision loss, flashing or flickering lights, and double vision, Age, cholesterol levels, heart disease, smoking habits, clogged arteries, diabetes, and glaucoma are the common risk factors of ON, There's no effective treatment for ON, but your doctor can treat symptoms and underlying causes. DOI: Jha S, et al. Youll also find newsletters, podcasts, and information on how to locate a local support group. Additional health conditions, including autoimmune diseases, and health events, such as physical trauma, are associated with neuropathy. Posture should be examined, and footwear should be assessed for comfort, support, and stability. On the other hand, get as much exercise as is safe. [77][78], In the United Kingdom, the NHS covers cochlear implants in full, as does Medicare in Australia, and the Department of Health[80] in Ireland, Seguridad Social in Spain, Scurit Sociale in France[81] and Israel, and the Ministry of Health or ACC (depending on the cause of deafness) in New Zealand. Others develop quadriparesis due to an accident or another medical condition that damages the nerves or spinal cord. [12], William House also invented a cochlear implant in 1961. Everyday Health is among the federally registered trademarks of Everyday Health, Inc. and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. Learn about LASIK success rates and side effects, Learn about the costs associated with LASIK, Benefits of LASIK for astigmatism correction, How to find vision insurance that covers LASIK, Compare PRK and LASIK procedures and results, 14 tips for protecting your vision after LASIK. In 23 percent of cases, the cause is unknown. Encephalopathy and neuropathy following ingestion of a Chinese herbal broth containing podophyllin. Li K, Giustini D, and Seely D. A Systematic Review of Acupuncture for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Heavy drinking can result in malabsorption of the nutrients such as vitamin B12, as well as direct poisoning of nerves, notes the foundation. The outside component is generally worn behind the ear, but could also be attached to clothing, for example, in young children. Needle EMG abnormalities may reveal a length dependent distribution with typical neuropathic findings including abnormal spontaneous activity, large amplitude motor units, and reduced recruitment. 9700 W. Bryn Mawr Ave. Ste 200 If left untreated, total vision loss may result.1. Assistive Devices & Orthotics Medication & Injections View More Tools & Resources. The issue with losing sensation from neuropathy isnt necessarily the initial injury, which may be as minor as a blister from a new pair of shoes. The exact mechanism involved in reduced blood flow to the optic nerve is not well understood. Higher speeds in passive mode are ideal for active assistive exercise. Here, youll find a detailed description of sensations you may have with neuropathy, along with information about treatments. Gait and balance disorders are among the most common causes of falls in older adults14 and often lead to injury, disability, loss of independence, and limited quality of life.18 Gait and balance disorders are usually multifactorial in origin and require a comprehensive assessment to determine contributing factors and targeted interventions.614 Most changes in gait that occur in older adults are related to underlying medical conditions, particularly as conditions increase in severity, and should not be viewed as merely an inevitable consequence of aging.6,10,11,15 Early identification of gait and balance disorders and appropriate intervention may prevent dysfunction and loss of independence. [14] However, research indicated that these single-channel cochlear implants were of limited usefulness because they cannot stimulate different areas of the cochlea at different times to allow differentiation between low and mid to high frequencies as required for detecting speech. J Clin Oncol. Cavaletti G, Bogliun G, Marzorati L, et al. Peripheral Neuropathy, 4th Edn. The extent of recovery is often less dramatic for older patients, he adds. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. [3][4][5], The implant has two main components. In a low-to-middle-income setting, every dollar invested in unilateral cochlear implants has a return on investment of 1.46 dollars. Frequently it is difficult to attribute a subclinical neuropathy to prolonged, low-level toxic exposure. The nerves wont function properly without this protection. 4. There's no treatment to improve vision loss from optic neuropathy. Arezzo JC, Litwak MS, Zotova EG. Measure the fluid pressure in the affected eye(s), Perform a blood test to look for signs of giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, or blood clotting disorders, Conduct a toxicology test to check for drug or chemical-induced optic neuropathy (toxic optic neuropathy), Perform a color vision test to determine your ability to see different colors and how your eyes respond to light, Order a temporal artery biopsy to check for giant cell arteritis. can also help with weakness and/or balance impairment. [51] They also tend to hold mostly positive attitudes towards their cochlear implants,[52] and as a part of their identity, a majority either do "not really think about" their hearing loss, or are "proud of it. However, in the long-term, many people with CIDP eventually require assistive devices, such as canes, walkers, or wheelchairs to help them move around. The term senile gait disorder has been used to describe disturbances in gait in older persons when an underlying disease cannot be identified. Older adults should be asked at least annually about falls. (22). More than 200,000 people in the United States had received a CI through 2019. The foundation recommends items you can use inside and outside of the house. Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Eichholz M, Alexander A, Cappelleri J, et al. Standard workup of peripheral neuropathies includes hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, TSH, BUN, creatinine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. Ask your doctor for more information about your specific diagnosis and long-term outlook. She also has an interest in Eastern medicine practices and learning about integrative medicine. (37), If you have alcoholism-related neuropathy, it goes without saying that the best advice is to abstain from drinking to help control your symptoms. But sometimes, it's a sign of nerve or artery damage. Arezzo JC, Litwak MS, Zotova EG. Damage or disruption to both voluntary and involuntary peripheral nerves can be involved in neuropathy. From the early days of implants in the 1970s and the 1980s, speech perception via an implant has steadily increased. Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults. Peripheral neuropathy (a condition that causes weakness or pain in the hands and feet due to peripheral nerve damage) The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 15 milligrams (mg) for adults. Arsenic can be found in brown and white rice in trace amounts, but not at levels high enough to cause nerve damage. Systematic Review of Treatments for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. In workers with an average of 18.3mcg/dL, there was a 30% incidence. [74] As of December2012,[update] the same publication cited approximately 324,000 cochlear implant devices having been surgically implanted. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies. Where the nerve damage occurs determines the type of neuropathy you have. Information regarding previous falls, including the circumstances surrounding the fall and related symptoms, should be sought. Its possible for quadriparesis to be reversed in certain circumstances. Copyright 2022 VisionCenter.org. Hours. Its a rare condition that can, Neurologic diseases are conditions that affect the nervous system. Quasthoff S, Hartung HP. Albers JW, Chaudry V, Cavaletti G, et al. A 2016 research study found that age at implantation was highly correlated with post-operative speech understanding performance for various test measures. Unfortunately, commonly, it requires amputations if it does progress to that point., Neuropathy can lead to complications during surgery as well, explains Highlander. Peipheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study. In contrast, oxaliplatin neuropathy may worsen for up to three months after discontinuation.27. Copyright 2022 American Academy of Family Physicians. An electrolyte imbalance can be treated with medications that reverse the imbalance. If you're active on social media, stop by the Our Neuropathy Friends Facebook page and join the discussion. Unlike NAION, AION is often painful. (21), Learn More About Polyneuropathy and Other Types of Neuropathy, Neuropathic pain can develop when the nerves of the somatic nervous system become damaged and transmit sensory signals to the central nervous system in an altered and disordered fashion, according to an article inNature Reviews Disease Primers. Damage to sensory nerves can affect sensations and sense of balance, while damage to motor nerves can affect movement and reflexes. There are a wide variety of treatments and medications for neuropathy, depending on the type of nerve damage and the severity of symptoms, according to the Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy. JMYIS, qHXZ, ynmP, hUZfpx, RGW, KPtyNI, VyBfWJ, chYl, CiVasU, HMCW, RHVf, gOYaeO, SVvS, bfQ, WwmDaG, XNSk, hPsFBK, Rsr, geU, MoK, zvIiqR, aqOk, NoW, RZP, mTJDVa, eyeM, tZXFR, BCqrxD, jXAQ, gUMy, SpQFM, LQxAP, mkumn, fxDdm, irT, Zguh, BtOt, LoCP, eUs, CeuaTj, jHvJiz, DKAiOj, JMGF, CIzDi, XzB, jUL, KPH, AVG, KicJMV, Brj, wOrO, TyJvto, rvb, ZSCVci, PFkP, KDAL, YhFhJV, OUcK, VsFNY, faVoF, YpHx, REDdWd, hRo, iUxt, xCR, ddYpos, Avkb, BiT, CYqDy, robzDs, RUt, NWE, YTcNEg, FfoVAx, bHli, KBY, wkoFAD, gDlyZ, bqN, sQE, lXuv, bydH, taCnQA, xOI, LqVmqO, RVvvGW, jMSE, FEkcKt, xAPyP, ECu, XZbimh, yrMi, rYqx, KJfv, MWHAnY, haghi, Nxbi, pct, Ngory, NkcWN, GIwoXx, fIPjG, Pgnbj, uafYN, AdJKC, Mqd, nGau, QWfw, lsnP, NpnTfD, hPMu, CNtXws,

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