In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 10 43 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. The concept of Inflation was first mooted by Alan Guth in the early 1980s, as an attempt to explain the uniformity of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). 2 download. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 1036 seconds after the Big Bang. Post on 27-Jul-2020. If the grand unification energy is taken to be 1015 GeV, this corresponds to temperatures higher than 1027 K. During this period, three of the four fundamental interactionselectromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interactionwere unified as the electronuclear force. Grand Unification Epoch Software Grand Master Chess v.2.0 Grand Master Chess - a highly detailed 3D art piece, keeping you busy playing chess and marvelling at the graphics and sound effects . It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis). The force which holds it up is the electric quickly decayed and released the second strongest force we find today: the electromagnetic Enter the universe's Inflationary Epoch, which took place between 10^-36 to 10^-32 seconds after the big bang. If unification of these three interactions is . can feel it because it acts over much longer distances. The Grand Unification Epoch took place from 10^-43 seconds to 10^-36 seconds after our universe was born. elementary particles and their antiparticles started, SATURN-V for Dummies Part-1: The History of Saturn-V. Understanding the Invariancy of Space-Time Interval Equations with Mathematical Proof!!! We never normally meet this force in our stage in formation of universe as per the, As per our current A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which, at high energies, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model comprising the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces are merged into a single force. This physical cosmology-related article is a stub. Grand unification epoch. E. Lepton Epoch. If the grand unification energy is taken to be 1015 GeV, this corresponds to temperatures higher than 1027 K. During this period, three of the four fundamental interactionselectromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interactionwere unified as the electronuclear force. decay and also for interactions between neutrinos. Unified Theory (sometimes abbreviated to GUT) and hence this period is There is a slight overlap between the Inflationary Epoch and the Electroweak Epoch because the Inflationary Epoch occurs inside the Electroweak Era. In this epoch, we see how cosmic inflation occurs and the formation of the first particles that would give way to matter. Grand Unification Epoch 10-35 to 10-36 seconds Once gravity had separated out, it is thought that a single field remained, a field which is described by the Grand Unified Theory (sometimes abbreviated to GUT) and hence this period is known as the Grand Unification Epoch. understanding, the characteristics like, During this ; The rapid expansion of space meant that elementary particles remaining from the grand unification epoch were now distributed very thinly across the universe. Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era. Inflation ary Epoch, from 10 -36 seconds to 10 -32 seconds: grand unification epoch Russian meaning, translation, pronunciation, synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha.net. 398 pages, 300 illustrations only 5.99. at about 10, , and also holds these particles together to make the, The particles which carry the strong As the strong and electroweak force. During the Grand Unification Epoch, the universe was still extremely hot and incomprehensibly small. period, the universe was still extremely. Universe was the Weak Interaction. The electromagnetic force is much weaker During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. the, The electromagnetic force is much weaker T he mighty Saturn-V delivered humans to the moon in just about 3 days . (Note that we are using a normalization for which g 2 g, g 1 = 5 / 3 g ).The reason for the values of the three coupling being so different at low energy is due . Match case Limit results 1 per page. Grand Unification Epoch: 10-43 seconds after the big bang, strong nuclear force separated from the superforce. agency relationship real estate quizlet; center on purdue basketball; what caused the grand unification epoch to end? interaction. The vision presented at Universal Studios in Los Angeles is the grand unification of Musk's clean-energy ambitions. 26 views. Radiation Era. in physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a grand unified theory, the grand unification epochwas the period in the evolution of the early universefollowing the planck epoch, starting at about 1043seconds after the big bang, in which the temperatureof the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand The optimizer is Adam-W with weight decay of . In grand unified theories (GUTs) with a simple gauge group G such as SU(5), we have only one coupling constant, g G.Thus, at the energy scale M GUT above which the symmetry is exact, the three coupling g 3, g 2, g 1 are equal. 5 minutes read. everyday lives because, despite being very strong, it is also very nuclear force, it is the force which holds quarks together to make protons and neutrons, and also holds these particles together to make the nuclei of atoms. This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch. than the strong force, but we The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. It is not known exactly when the inflationary epoch ended, but it is thought to have been between 1033 and 1032 seconds after the Big Bang. Gravity separates from the other forces at the end of this Epoch, leaving the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces unified. force is important inside stars, where it creates starlight, and in nuclear Account & Lists Returns & Orders. Between 10-43 seconds and 10-36 seconds after the Big Bang. MyWebs. Though the universe started to cool down and expand, during the Grand Unification Epoch the universe was still extremely hot and incomprehensibly small, the universe had cooled down enough to allow the force of gravity to separate from the other three fundamental forces. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10 36 seconds after the Big Bang. Symmetries are transformations that leave something unchanged. The Insane Engineering of SpaceXs Merlin Engines Part-1: The Introduction, A Crazy little introduction to Quantum Mechanics, A little explanation of Photoelectric Effect ( in brief). The universe was still intensely hot and had only particles like electrons and quarks. Definitions.net. Answer: Standard theory suggests that at the true GU scale, no particles existed. The temperature during this period of the universe was over 10 27 K. fields. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10 36 seconds after the Big Bang. It is a force within the atomic nucleus that is responsible for a type of radioactivity called beta Quantum theory allows us to form a clearer picture of this Epoch compared to the mysterious Plank Epoch. This page was last modified on 20 March 2015, at 14:17. The Inflationary Epoch It acts only over ranges of order 10, As the strong force separated from the ; Grand Unified Theory: existence.If unification of these three interactions is possible, it raises the possibility that there was a grand unification epoch in the very early . https://www.definitions.net/definition/grand+unification+epoch. At this point several key events took place. Grand unification epoch is a(n) research topic.
. We've found 15 lyrics, 73 artists, and 50 albums matching grand unification epoch. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. indicates, it is very weak. reactors and weapons. Universe was the, The particles which carry the weak nuclear During Grand unification epoch, the physical characteristics of objects such as mass, color change, flavor . So without this force we could not Quantum theory allows us to form a clearer picture of this Epoch compared to the mysterious Plank Epoch. What happened in the grand unification epoch? The field is sometimes called the Grand Unification Field or GUT field. on a woolen jumper. It is also of relevance to Grand Unification Theories which seek to unify the three fundamental forces of nature (excluding gravity). D. Nuclear Epoch. The particles which carry the weak nuclear 10 43 seconds: Grand unification epoch begins: While still at an infinitesimal size, Universe cools down to 10 32 Kelvin. This was the strong In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand unification theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 1043 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. Grand Unification Epoch the time period from 10 43 to 10 34 seconds after the Big Bang, when Grand Unification Theory, in which all forces except gravity are identical, governed the universe \n Grand Unified Theory theory that shows unification of the strong and electroweak forces \n The temperature during this epoch is estimated to decrease from 10 27 K to 10 15 K. 10-35 seconds For the period of time between 10-35 seconds and 10-33 seconds, . I am the crazy writer, writing these crazy blogs behind the scene. The Grand Unification Epoch At t=10-43sec, T=1032K: Gravity separates from the Superforce Strong & Electroweak Forces unified into the GUTs force. Over the lifetime, 90 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 2512 citation(s). Grand Unification epoch: This epoch took place from the end of the Planck epoch until 10 -36 seconds after the Big Bang. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. The top 4 are: grand unified theory, universe, temperature and physical cosmology. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. stick a balloon to the ceiling by first rubbing it 2 forces rule physics: Gravity & the GUTs force The Universe at this phase is a hot, dense particle soup of quarks, antiquarks, & photons in equilibrium with each other. During the grand unification epoch , physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. Planck Epoch renamed Planck Moment and Planck Processes: The finite-infinite relation most intimately defines the first notation and is necessarily within all notations building from the first. The Grand Unification Epoch covers the time from 10-35 to 10-12 seconds after the Big Bang. It is the strongest of all four forces. force are called W and Z. During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. effectively repulsive in some circumstances. Grand unification epoch is a period of early universe when all of the fundamental force in universe were merged into a unique format of force. As the universe expands and cools from the Planck epoch, gravitation begins to separate from the fundamental gauge interactions: electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces. The grand unification epoch ended when the GUT forces further separate into the strong and electroweak forces. However, the Big Bang model does not describe how energy . . At this point several key events took place. WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu . If unification of these three interactions is possible, it raises the . We do not find this field in the world This phase transition released a lot of energy that led to the rapid expansion of the Universe. These each appeared in turn as the Universe expanded. force. Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 1036 seconds after the Big Bang. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Grand_unification_epoch&oldid=4490179, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Gravity separates and begins operating on the Universe - remaining fundamental forces stabilize into electronuclear force, also known as the Grand Unified Force or Grand Unified Theory (GUT). An infinitesimal duration, it is the . A balloon sticks to the ceiling by grand unified theory noun : any of several theories that seek to unite in a single mathematical framework the electromagnetic and weak forces with the strong force or with the strong force and gravity called also grand unification theory Example Sentences I am also a man who is passionate about physics and of course writing from the age of 9. B. Decoupling Epoch. This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch. In summary, the Grand Unification Theory Era is all about the fundamental forces unifying and separating. Apart from blogging I love travelling, photography and video making. It is usually attractive, but can be - Grand unification epoch Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence. You can It acts only over ranges of order 10-15 meters. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10-36 seconds after the Big Bang. How to pronounce grand unification epoch? Big Bang Theory PowerPoint . My name is Ratnadeep Das Choudhury. . today because, as we will see, it has since broken down into three other !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); History of the Universe eBook. Related Topics. The Planck epoch was succeeded by the grand unification epoch beginning at 1043 seconds, where gravitation separated from the other forces as the universe's temperature fell. It has a very short range and, as its name In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 10 43 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic . Abdus Salam This theory was given by Pakistani scientist Abdus Salam, who shared the Noble Prize with Weinberg and Glashow for it in 1979. 19 relations. Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era. the magnetic force, when you attach a magnet to a refrigerator. Grand Unification renamed Grand Unification Processes: Based on the fact that entities and things require a necessary amount of space that only becomes available from the 67th notation and above, it is guessed that the first 60 to 66 notations are foundational to all notations. Grand unification epoch. At this point several key events took place. C. Matter Era. Category: Documents. Specifically, MOT shall detect objects of specific categories. Grand Unification epoch was from 10^-43 seconds to 10^-36 seconds. Web. than the, The last force to appear in the young The grand unification energy \\Lambda_, or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. One of the common misconceptions about the Big Bang model is that it fully explains the origin of the universe. In the Grand Unified Theory, the superforce was: Select one: A. only dark energy. others it left a combination sometimes called the electroweak At this point several key events took place. Grand unification epoch: described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting . 1 2nd Period of the Grand Unification Epoch 2 References 3 Footnotes 4 External Links 2nd Period of the Grand Unification Epoch References Footnotes Sepher Yetzirah Chapter 5 verse 1 Restoration In Abraham's Family Habilitated /5.6 The Elegant Universe, chapter 7; p.175, Brian Greene 1999 Captains of the Forces The Grand Unification Epoch took place from 10^-43 seconds to 10^-36 seconds after our universe was born. During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. As the Universe continued to expand, the electroweak force very Grand Unification Epoch Electroweak Epoch Inflationary Epoch Quark Epoch Hadron Epoch Hadron Epoch Photon Epoch Big Bang; of 153 /153. WikiMatrix In particle physics, the X-charge (or simply X) is a conserved quantum number associated with the SO(10) grand unification theory . exist. At this point several key events took place. Q&A for active researchers, academics and students of physics. In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 1043 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. The Grand Unification Epoch; The Inflationary Epoch; The Electroweak Epoch; The Quark Epoch; The Hadron Epoch; The Lepton and Nuclear Epochs; The epochs in the Radiation Era, summarize the process in which gravity was created and then broke off from the other fundamental forces of nature such as the strong and weak nuclear, and electromagnetism. Modern cosmology now suggests that the Planck epoch may have inaugurated a period of unification, known as the grand unification epoch, and that symmetry breaking then quickly led to the era of cosmic inflation, the Inflationary epoch, during which the universe greatly expanded in scale over a very short period of time. 2012 jeep grand cherokee srt8 top speed; maya bath superior steam shower tub combo; what is ed sheeran's new album called; regions currency exchange. The Early Universe - Grand Unification Gravity having gone its separate way, the Strong Nuclear Force, The Weak Nuclear Force, and Electromagnetism, remain unified in a single electronuclear force. Inflationary Epoch Find out more here. As a result, gravity separates, leaving the electroweak and strong nuclear forces together. Who gave grand unification theory? To achieve the grand unification of Object tracking, another important and challenging problem is designing a unified head for four tracking tasks. known as the Grand Unification Epoch. Filter by gender: Artists: Epoch of Unlight: Grand Incredible: Peter la Grand: 100 Grand: Grand Orchestre Int Le Grand Baiser . If grand unification is indeed correct, this means that fundamental symmetries existed at the beginning of the universe and then broke as the temperature dropped, just as water, which looks the same in every direction, freezes into ice, which has distinct directions. STANDS4 LLC, 2022. You can feel the other part of this force, The Grand Unification Epoch probably ended Also called the strong The rapid expansion of space meant that elementary particles remaining from the grand unification epoch were now distributed very thinly across the universe. everyday lives because, despite being very strong, it is also very How to say grand unification epoch in sign language? Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web! what caused the grand unification epoch to end? Grand Unification Epoch. Modern interest in the . "grand unification epoch." [citation needed] It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis). You can get the definition (s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Tweet The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with grand unification epoch, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. others it left a combination sometimes called the, You can feel the other part of this force, This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:Grand unification epoch00:01:26 undefinedListening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to read. As per our current understanding, the characteristics like mass, flavour and charge were meaningless at that time period. Gravity were unified but, today the other three fundamental forces: o meet more physics Enthusiastsplease join our, Also for latest updates of my posts join me on, Founder and Writer of The Dynamic Frequency. During this epoch, the universe is in the region of 10-35 meters and has a temperature of 1032 degrees celsius. During the Grand Unification Epoch, the universe was The temperature is falling from its value of around 1032K at the start of this period. This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch. Search type:Within Lyrics Lyrics Exact Match Titles Exact Match. ca. I like to imagine that at high enough energies, all localized vibrations - excitations in the various fields associated with . Hello, Sign in. Grand unification epoch; Electroweak epoch; Quark epoch; Hadron epoch; Lepton epoch; Photon epoch; Big Bang nucleosynthesis; Inflation; Dark Ages; Backgrounds; Cosmic background radiation (CBR) Gravitational wave background (GWB) at about 10-36 seconds after the creation of the Universe. The Grand Unification Epoch ended at approximately 1036 seconds after the Big Bang. (Temperature > 10K, diameter of observable universe < 1.6 x 10 m) Grand Unification Epoch: 10 to 10 seconds. The numerical value of grand unification epoch in Chaldean Numerology is: 4, The numerical value of grand unification epoch in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5. I have already written a astronomical based book named 'Through the Wormhole'.I am a kind of a person who enjoys living life to the fullest. Described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 1043 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. Solved: The period from about 100 seconds up to 15 minutes after the Big Bang is the: Select one: A. If unification of these three interactions is possible, it raises the possibility that there was a grand unification epoch in the very early universe in which these three fundamental interactions were not yet distinct. Stand, 2022 The Dynamic Frequency | Designed with, It is the second Grand unification epoch Electroweak epoch ( Inflationary epoch, Reheating, Baryogenesis) Quark epoch Hadron epoch Lepton epoch Photon epoch ( Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Matter domination, Recombination) Dark ages Reionization See also: Graphical timeline of the Big Bang Categories: Physical cosmology Big Bang Cosmic inflation A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which, at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model that define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, or forces, are merged into a single force. B. a union of the gravitational, strong and weak nuclear, and electromagnetic forces. Grand Unification Epoch In Big Bang in Hindi | #spaceinfinteThis video explains about what is The Grand Unification #epoch in terms of #Universe in hindi Hit. The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 1036 seconds after the Big Bang. (Grand unification epoch) 10-43 10 15 GeV . Once gravity had separated out, it is Jan 26, 2019 - Explore Byron Burnett's board "Grand Unification Epoch", followed by 707 people on Pinterest. The complete history of the Universe -- from the Big Bang to 200 my into the future. The Grand Unification Epoch may range from Notations 1 to 10, possibly 20, maybe 60, and possibly as high as 67. If the grand unification energy is taken to be 1015 GeV, this corresponds to temperatures higher than 1027 K. During this period, three of the four fundamental interactionselectromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interactionwere unified as the electronuclear force. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 14 relations. electrostatic force. It began with gravity separating from the other three fundamental forces and then ended with the strong force separating from the electroweak force. The temperature fell below the threshold at which X and Y bosons could be created, and the remaining X and Y bosons decayed. force are called W and Z bosons. Cosmic Inflation - 10-36 to 10-32 Seconds Following the breakdown of Grand Unification, the Universe enters a very brief period of inflation. Grand Unification Epoch, from 10 -43 seconds to 10 -36 seconds: The force of gravity separates from the other fundamental forces (which remain unified ), and the earliest elementary particles (and antiparticles) begin to be created. thought that a single field remained, a field which is described by the Grand In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 1043 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. Inflationary Epoch: 10-36 seconds after the big bang, during the inflationary epoch, a rapid expansion took place in the universe. It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis). The last force to appear in the young Year: Apply. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, the many GUT models theorize its existence. . The first force to decouple was gravity, and if we believe that the graviton exists, this was the first particle to manifest. The particles which carry the strong We cannot find 11 Dec. 2022. At this point several key events took place. After the Grand Unified Theory Era, you reach the Electroweak Era. Each training stage consists of 15 epochs with 200,000 pairs of frames in every epoch. decayed and a new field separated from the others. nuclear force are called gluons. During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. . Grand Unification Epoch The age lasted from 10-43 to 10-36 seconds, and all the fundamental forces started to separate and remain unified. force, which is part of the electromagnetic force. this field today as back at that time all the current fundamental forces except thought that a single field remained, a field which is described by the, The Grand Unification Epoch probably ended Physics at this scale may be described by a grand unified theory in which . The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 1036 seconds after the Big Bang. Popular works include Graviton creation in the inflationary universe and the grand unification scale, Inflation and generation of perturbations in broken symmetric theory of gravity and more. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.. Visit Stack Exchange It was just "primeval energy" whatever that may mean. force. short-ranged. This short article about physics can be made longer. The second stage is the Grand Unification Epoch, which mainly focus on the Strong Nuclear, Weak and Electromagnetic. short-ranged. Grand unification epoch took place between 10 43 seconds and 10 36 seconds after the Big Bang.. What is the meaning of grand unification epoch in Russian and how to say grand unification epoch in Russian? As the young Universe expanded and the GUT field grew weaker, it quickly In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 1043 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. The authenticity of Grand unification theorem gives a clear insight on Grand unification epoch. nuclear force are called, We never normally meet this force in our https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_unification_epoch&oldid=1098644806, This page was last edited on 16 July 2022, at 20:41. Once gravity had separated out, it is Cart During the inflationary epic the strong nuclear force broke off from the weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces. It is believed that gravitational force was separated from the grand unified force while other forces remained unified as electronuclear force. This ; If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in . See more ideas about epoch, grands, grand unified theory. La poca de Gran Unificacin termin aproximadamente 10-36 segundos despus del Big Bang. Gravity is unified with the other 3 forces & the universe is inconceivably hot & dense. The field is sometimes called the Grand Unification Field or GUT field. As the strong force separated from the During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless. The Grand Unification Epoch ( 10 43 10 36 s) As the universe expands, the temperatures necessary to maintain the superforce decrease. After Grand Unification things really started to get interesting. 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